Environmental Health and Climate Change

Eye of a hurricane 
How Global Climate Change Affects Public Health

Public health laboratories must be ready to respond to the predicted increase in storm frequency and intensity as well as the aftermath.

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Public health laboratories must be ready to respond to the predicted increase in storm frequency and intensity and the aftermath, including water contamination and the spread of vector-borne disease.

Laboratories will press on with testing services in the wake of natural disasters. They may require support themselves to continue with normal activities, such as newborn screening.

Public Health and Climate Change

From the halls of Congress to your dinner table, the topic of climate change has been much debated over the past several years. Even the skeptics acknowledge the reality of global warming and agree that one thing is certain: the Earth’s climate affects public health. Some of the latest examples include devastating hurricanes in the Gulf Coast, wildfires in the West, droughts across the country and monsoons in South Asia. Weather stories dominate the news and along with these disasters come a public health crisis.

Policy on Climate Change

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s policy on climate change highlights some of the health effects related to climate change. The World Health Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency have also released information on the impacts of climate change on health and the environment.

Resurgence of Infectious Diseases

In the coming years, public health laboratories will be taxed by the resurgence of infectious diseases, including diseases that are transmitted through contaminated water, food or vectors (disease-carrying insects). Many of the vector-borne diseases, such as dengue fever and malaria, had previously been eradicated, but the warming climate is helping to support the life-cycle and habitat of vectors like mosquitoes. This is one reason dengue fever has re-emerged in places along the Mexico-US border.

BeginquoteThe Earth’s climate affects public health and will continue to do so as it changes.Endquote

Natural Disasters

Laboratories must also be prepared for natural disasters, such as Hurricane Katrina. Environmental and public health laboratories play a critical role in testing people and the environment during and after large-scale weather disasters. Air, soil and water supplies must be promptly evaluated. Public health laboratories affected by a natural disaster may themselves require support from neighboring laboratories to continue with regular activities and to provide disaster relief.  Continuity of newborn screening and TB testing is particularly critical.