Food Microbiology

Improving STEC surveillance, preventing deaths
E. coli and STEC

E. coli O157:H7 is a leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States.  Within the past 2 years, federal health officials have seen an increase in the number of E. coli O157: H7 cases and millions of pounds of contaminated food have been recalled due to positive findings of E. coli in retail foods.  Public health laboratories play a critical role in the timely detection of E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks. 

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APHL has been a conduit for information transfer between federal and state laboratories during recent E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks, ensuring that all laboratories have access to detection methods and that critical testing reagents are received where necessary. 

A 1999 CDC study estimates that 73,000 cases of infection and 61 deaths occur in the U.S. each year

Mead, PS, Slutsker L, Dietz, V, McCraig, LF, Bresee, SS, Shapiro, C, et al. (1999) 
Food Related Illness & Death in the United States.  Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5, 607-625

In recent years, federal authorities have recognized the clinical importance of other enterohemmoraghic E. colis, termed non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STECs).

While non-O157 STECs are gaining public health significance, several public health laboratories do not conduct routine surveillance for these organisms.  APHL works with both commercial medical laboratories and public health laboratories to realize the importance of laboratory confirmation and epidemiological characterization of these organisms.

Public Health Laboratories and the E. coli outbreak associated with spinach

Guidelines for Isolation and Identification of Shiga Toxin-producing E. coli:
Many public health laboratories have developed the capability to detect and identify Shiga Toxin-producing E. coli, including O157:H7 and non-O157 serotypes. Such work, in addition to molecular subtyping of the isolates, is vital to public health surveillance activities and provides needed data for successful outbreak investigations. However, isolation of the pathogenic organism from an enrichment broth that has tested positive for Shiga Toxin by EIA can put a strain on laboratory resources. A work group comprised of APHL members and E. coli experts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has written a protocol for testing such enrichment broths in the public health setting.